| 1812 y. |
24 June 1812 the army of the French Emperor Napoleon I, without a declaration of war invaded Russia.The enemy resisted the Russian army under the command of generals M.Barclay de Tolly, P.Bagration, and A.Tormasov, numbering about 240 thousand Russian soldiers.The rapid advancement of the French forced the Russian command to retreat inland.
Retreating Russian troops fought rearguard action, inflicting heavy losses.During the battle of Smolensk in early August, the plan was thwarted Napoleon`s defeat the main forces of Russian troops.August 20, Emperor Alexander I signed a decree on the appointment of Chief of the Russian army Kutuzov.
September 7, he headed the Russian army during the decisive battle of the war in 1812 at Borodino.Napoleon lost here 58 thousand people and was unable to defeat the Russian army.
Russian losses were also high.Kutuzov ordered to retreat to Moscow, where he planned to give a new battle.However, upon learning that the reserves were not prepared, on September 13 at the council in the village of Fili, he decided to leave Moscow to the French, before that there evacuating the entire population.Napoleonic army entered Moscow on September 14.
The same day, the city covered a large fire.Thus, the French have not received any food or rest.The fall of the Russian army, turned to the west and to the Kaluga road came to the area of the village Tarutina where Kutuzov turned the guerrilla war "by the army guerrilla units.
Napoleon`s attempts to negotiate were rejected.
October 18, he left Moscow and headed in the direction of Kaluga.After the battle of Maloyaroslavets October 24 Bonaparte was forced to retreat.In the battle of Berezina, November 26-28, most of his army was destroyed.By the end of December, Napoleon was finally expelled from Russia. |
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