| 1929 y. |
Vatican became an independent state June 7, 1929, in accordance with the lateran agreements made by Pope Pius XI, with the Italian government, headed by Benito Mussolini.The Vatican is an absolute theocratic monarchy, headed by the Pope.
He is elected for life by secret ballot at the conclave - a collection of the College of Cardinals - the higher hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church.To be elected to the papacy, the candidate must obtain not less than two-thirds of the votes.The main legislative documents of the Vatican are the constitutional acts of June 7, 1929 and "The Apostolic Constitution of 15 August 1967, containing the reform of the papal curia, which entered into force on 1 March 1968.
Highest advisory body are ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, the College of Cardinals and bishop`s synod.The administration of public affairs has Roman Curia, consisting of the nine congregations of religious institutions, the three tribunals, papal commissions and other agencies.
The army consists of 117 of the Vatican Swiss Guards, and is the smallest in the world.After the military reform in 1970.
Undertaken by Pope Paul VI, this remained the only Guard troops deployed in the Vatican, retain military functions.Armed with medieval halberds, swords and guns, guards dressed in festive costumes, created in the XVI century.based on sketches by Michelangelo Buonarroti. |
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