| 1930 y. |
Pluto, until recently considered the ninth planet of the solar system, located 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth, has long remained completely unexplored.Its existence is predicted theoretically by the American astronomer Percival Lowell in 1915.After 15 years after the planet discovered member of the observatory Lovella Clyde Tombaugh.Clyde Tombaugh was born on February 4, 1906 on a farm near Stritora in Illinois.
He became interested in astronomy at age 12 when his uncle, Lee, amateur astronomer, Clyde invited to look at the stars.In 1929, Tombaugh was invited to the observatory Lovella.
The task of the young scientist has systematically imaging the night sky in the form of binary images with an interval between them in two weeks, with subsequent comparison of the pairs to find the objects changed their position.For comparison used blink comparator, allowing you to quickly switch the display of two plates, which creates the illusion of motion for any object that has changed position or appearance between photographs.February 18, 1930, after nearly a year of work, Tombaugh discovered a possible moving object on images of 23 and 29 January.
March 13, 1930, after the observatory was other supporting photos, news of the discovery was telegraphed to the Harvard College Observatory.The right to give the name of a new celestial body belonged to the observatory Lovella.
Variants of the name began to arrive from all over the world.The name "Pluto" first proposed Venetia Phair, an eleven-school student from Oxford.The girl was interested not only in astronomy, and classical mythology, and decided that the name of a Roman version of the name of the Greek god of the underworld is suitable for this, probably, dark and cold world.Officially, the object was named March 24, 1930.
And after 76 years, 24 August 2006 at the Assembly held in Prague, the International Astronomical Union stripped Pluto status of planets in the solar system.He is now only a "dwarf planet".After a week of deliberations 2,5 thousands of astronomers, representing 75 countries, approved by vote of the criteria that must comply with the celestial body to get the status of the planet.Under the new definition, a planet status is assigned to "celestial body that moves in its orbit around the Sun, belonging exclusively to this celestial body, has sufficient mass for the formation of a gravitational field, resulting in this celestial body receives a spherical shape.
After excluding Pluto is the name of the secured only for the eight celestial bodies: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
Under the new classification, Pluto is now classified as minor planets, or planetoid. |
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